Species Spider-
The genus Phoneutria was originally described by Perty in 1833 and included two species. During the subsequent century, various authors moved the Phoneutria species between the genera Phoneutria and Ctenus. In 1936, Phoneutria was restored by Mello-Leitao (Simo and Brescovit 2009); Phoneutria currently contains eight species (Vetter and Hillebrecht 2008).
Phoneutria is a Neotropical (tropics of the Western Hemisphere) genus, occupying much of northern South America, with one species, Phoneutria boliviensis extending into Central America. There are records of Phoneutria species from Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Surinam, Guyana, northern Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Mexico, Panama, Guatemala and Costa Rica (Simo and Brescovit 2001, Vetter and Hillebrecht 2008). Within the genus, Phoneutria boliviensis is the most widespread, with a geographic range that extends from Central America south to Argentina. Phoneutria bahaiensis has the most restricted geographic distribution and occurs only in the Atlantic forests of the Brazilian states of Bahia and Espirito Santo. This species is considered precinctive to (only found in) Brazil and because of its narrow distribution, is listed on the Brazilian Environmental Ministry’s Red List of threatened species (Dias et al. 2011).
Researchers verified, in a pre-clinical model of the disease, that bee venom and one of its components, apamine, are able to stop or slow the loss of dopaminergic neurons, the neuronal cell type most severely affected in PD. They showed that regular bee venom injections are indeed able to slow the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the PD model used, and that this effect is partially due to apamine. However, the complete list of compounds responsible for this effect and the mechanism(s) of action remain to be characterized.
I tried honey for another purpose and after using honey daily for two weeks I noticed a significant improvement in my parkinsons symptoms. It did not improve tremors but I was less fatigued, less rigid and more optimistic. I then googled honey and parkinsons and came across the MJ Fox study. I think this study may have merit.
So if some research has been done on bee venom tx’s for Parkinson’s disease patients, and someone donates to the Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research will that donation go for this type of research? I think honey from bee’s helps with some sicknesses so why wouldn’t their venom help with other illnesses
-Spider Venom
Components in the neurotoxic venom of an Australian funnel-web spider have been found to be specific for insects such as cockroaches, crickets, fruit-flies and the Helicoverpa armigera moth which destroys cotton crops .Targeting specific species prevents the accidental killing of other insects. how spider work This selectivity also means that the pesticide is harmless to other organisms so there would be no danger if it entered the food chain.how spider worke6 The compounds in venom are environmentally friendly and the development of resistance to a spider venom pesticide would be slow.
Traditional chemical pesticides do not tend to be species specific, are toxic to humans in large amounts and insects develop resistance towards them relatively fast so it is easy to see why pesticides based on spider venom are attractive.
While all spider species spin silk, they do a number of different things with the fiber once they produce it.how spider worke6 Not all species spin webs, and many don’t use their silk in hunting at all. Just like human building materials, spider silk has a wide range of applications.
One of the most common silk uses is the dragline. As some spiders move from place to place, they lay out a thin, dry thread behind them. Just like a mountain climber, the spider uses the thread as a safety line. If it gets in trouble, it can quickly backtrack on the line to get to safety.
Another common silk use is nursery building. In most species, female spiders will spin a thick, protective cocoon for their developing eggs and sometimes the spiderlings once they’ve hatched. Some species will leave the cocoon unattended while the young spiders develop, and others, such as wolf spiders, will carry the cocoons around with them.
are arachnids. This is the same group of animals that includes ticks, mites, and scorpions. All arachnids have 8 legs. Insects have only 6 legs.
No matter where you live, you’ll find spiders in and around your home. Although all spiders have mouth parts that can bite, most spiders aren’t dangerous to people. Depending on the type of spider, it’s either because its venom isn’t toxic to people, or its mouth parts aren’t strong enough to bite through human skin. spider venom
how spider work
he most familiar use of silk, of course, is web building. Web structure varies a good deal from species to species. Some spiders build totally disorganized cobwebs, some form long funnels out of silk sheets and some work as a colony to form huge masses of silk sheets around plant life. Some spiders, such as the net-casting spider, will form a small web between their legs and quickly wrap up any insect that gets caught.
The best-known web is the orb web, the intricate design spun by most garden spiders. This web is one of the most remarkable structures in nature, and its construction is among the most incredible animal activities you’ll ever see. We’ll examine this process in the next section.
